The "pre-dynastic era" is called the ancient Egyptian prehistory, beginning with the Paleolithic period, until the end of the Neolithic period (Neolithic), and the term "prehistory" refers to the stage before writing in Egypt. Writing around the same time with the end of the Stone Age, around 3100 BC, the period in which Egypt emerged as a unified political entity, making it the oldest country in the world.
It is possible, before the formation of the Egyptian state and during the modern stone age, an increasing homogeneity between the different civilizations that appeared along the Nile Valley can be seen, as these civilizations are named for their original sites, the most important of which are the Maadi civilization (4000-3100 BC) in Lower Egypt, and the Badari civilization ( About 500-4000 BC) near Assiut and Naqada I (about 4000-3500 BC) in Upper Egypt near Luxor.
The official website of the Ministry of Tourism and Antiquities says: Like the rest of its contemporaries, the Naqada first civilization reveals little to us about the social class division, but the matter changed with the end of this period, as this trend became more apparent during Naqada II (about 3500 - 3200 BC), Which began to spread along the Nile Valley, among the most important sites of Naqada II, along with Naqada itself, Hierakonpolis (the Red Kom) near Edfu, and Abydos in Upper Egypt, during the Naqada III civilization (about 3500 - 3100 BC), and the community continued to grow In a more complex way, it differed from the contemporary Nubian culture and separated itself politically from it. The transition from the Naqada III civilization to the early ruling family period took place smoothly. This is why Naqada the third is sometimes called the “Dynasty Zero”.
It seems that the powerful regional leaders during that period were already in control of most parts of the land of Egypt, if not all, and there was a difference between Upper and Lower Egypt in terms of geography, and this difference remained apparent until the late prehistoric era, and the ancient Egyptians did not forget this matter Throughout their ancient history despite unity, when Egypt eventually became united as a single political entity under one ruler, the ancient Egyptians referred to their king as "the Lord of the Two Lands."
Sun, Dec. 27, 2020
